UTAFITI:JE WAJUA UMRI WA MWEZI?

Wanasayansi wana maoni tofauti kuhusu umri wa mwezi. Utafiti mpya unaonesha kuwa mwezi ulizaliwa katika miaka bilioni 4.51 iliyopita. Umri huo ni mkubwa zaidi kuliko wanasayansi wengi walivyodhani.

Wanasayansi wengi wanasema katika miaka mingi iliyopita sayari yenye ukubwa wa Mars iligongana na dunia na vipande vya sayari hiyo na dunia vikagunda mwezi. Wametafiti umri wa mwezi kwa kuchambua sampuli za miamba ya mwezi zilizokusanywa na chombo cha safari ya anga ya juu cha Apollo. Lakini wamepata matokeo tofauti kutokana na njia tofauti ya uchambuzi, baadhi yao wanasema mwezi ulizaliwa miaka milioni 100 baada ya kuzaliwa kwa mfumo wa jua, na wengine wanasema ni miaka milioni 150 hadi milioni 200 baada ya kuzaliwa kwa mfumo wa jua.

Hivi karibuni watafiti kutoka tawi la Los Angeles la Chuo Kikuu cha California wametoa ripoti kwenye gazeti la Science Advances la Marekani ikisema wamechambua mawe madogomadogo ya Zircon yaliyopelekwa duniani na chombo cha Apollo mwaka 1971 kwa teknolojia ya kuthibitisha umri kwa mujibu wa kiasi cha uranium na risasi, na kugundua kuwa mwezi ulizaliwa miaka milioni 60 baada ya kuzaliwa kwa mfumo wa jua, na umri wa mwezi ni miaka bilioni 4.51. Watafiti hao wamesema matokeo hayo ni sahihi zaidi na yanaaminiwa.

CHURCHILL:VIUMBE WA SAYARI NYINGINE

Mtaalamu wa fizikia ya anga wa Marekani Bw. Mario Livio ametoa makala kwenye gazeti la Nature la Uingereza akielezea makala ya zamani inayohusu uwezekano wa kuwepo kwa viumbe katika sayari nyingine iliyoandikwa na waziri mkuu wa zamani wa Uingereza hayati Winston Churchill.

Hayati Churchill aliandika makala hiyo yenye kurasa 11 mwaka 1939, na aliirekebisha miaka ya 50 karne iliyopita, lakini hajawahi kuitoa kwenye gazeti.

Katika miaka ya 80 karne iliyopita, mswada wa makala hiyo ulipelekwa katika jumba la makumbusho la Churchill nchini Marekani. Mwaka jana mkuu mpya wa jumba hilo aligundua makala hiyo, na kumwalika Bw. Livio kuithibitisha.

Kwenye makala hiyo yenye kichwa cha "Tuko peke yetu ulimwenguni?", hayati Churchill ameeleza fikra zake kuhusu viumbe vya sayari nyingine, amesema maji ni muhimu kwa viumbe, pia amesema joto la sayari linalofaa maisha ya viumbe linatakiwa kuwa juu ya kiwango cha kuganda na chini ya kiwango cha kuchemka.

Hayati Churchill pia alifikiri jinsi sayari inavyoweza kuwa na hewa, na uwezekano wa kuwepo kwa viumbe katika mfumo wa jua na nje ya mfumo huo.

Hayati Churchill ni waziri mkuu wa kwanza aliyeajiri washauri wa sayansi nchini Uingereza, kitendo kilichoonesha kuwa anatilia maanani sayansi.

Marekani: Ndoto ya Wahamiaji Kutoka Afrika Itagonga Mwamba?

Marekani inaendelea kuwa ni kivutio cha wahamiaji kutoka Afrika, idadi yao ikiongezeka maradufu tangu mwaka 2000.

Ingawaje wengi wao wanatokea nchi zilizoathiriwa na vita, bado idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji hao ni wenye weledi na walioelimika.

Kwa mujibu wa tafiti za Kituo cha Utafiti cha Pew, mwaka 2015, kulikuwa na takriban watu milioni 2.1 waliokuwa wakiishi Marekani wenye asili ya Kiafrika. Idadi hiyo imeongezeka kutoka 880,000 mwaka 2000 na 80,000 tu mwaka 1970.

Monica Anderson, mtafiti na mwandishi wa repoti hiyo, amesema namba hizo zinaongezeka maradufu takriban katika kila muongo na anaona kuwa mwelekeo huo utaendelea.

“Mwaka 1980 peke yake asilimia 1 ya wakimbizi walioruhusiwa kuingia Marekani walikuwa wanatokea Afrika, ambao leo hii idadi yao imefikia asilimia 37. Hiyo ni sababu moja kubwa inayopelekea kuongezeka kwa wahamiaji kutoka Afrika lakini haielezei habari nzima juu ya uhamiaji,” mtafiti huyo ameiambia VOA.

Anderson anasema kuwa vikundi mbalimbali vya wahamiaji mahiri wamebadilisha maeneo kama Minnesota ambayo ni makazi ya watu 25,000 wenye asili ya Kisomali, ambayo ni takriban moja ya tano ya wahamiaji waliozaliwa Marekani.

Wanigeria ndio wenye idadi kubwa ya diaspora Marekani wakiwa 327,000, wakifuatiwa na Waethopia ambao ni 220,000 na Wamisri wao ni 192,000, Pew iligundua hilo katika utafiti wake. Majimbo ambayo wahamiaji wa kiafrika wanapendelea kwenda kuliko yote ni Texas, New York, California na Maryland.

Mengi ya majimbo haya Marekani yana …idadi kubwa ya wahamiaji wa Kiafrika hivi sasa kuliko ilivyokuwa siku za nyuma,” amesema Anderson. Katika makundi mbalimbali Marekani, Wahamiaji wa Kiafrika wanabadilisha idadi ya wahamiaji katika maeneo hayo.”

Hakuna anaejua vipi mabadiliko ya sera za uhamiaji yanaweza kuathiri wahamiaji kutoka Afrika.

Hivi karibuni wahamiaji wengi walishtushwa na amri ya kiutendaji ilisainiwa na Rais Donald Trump ikikataza wahamiaji kutoka nchi tatu za Kiafrika na kusimamisha programu ya Marekani ya kuwapa makazi wakimbizi.

Amri hiyo ilisitishwa na Mahakama ya Rufaa, lakini uongozi wa Trump umeahidi kurudisha tena.

Pendekezo jingine lilotolewa na Seneta Tom Cotton wa Republikan limetaka kupunguzwa kwa green cards zinazotolewa na Marekani, idadi ikiwa ni kati ya laki tano mpaka milioni moja.

“Ninavyoona ni suala lenye muendelezo iwapo wanafunzi wachache watakuja Marekani, au itakuwa vigumu sana watu kuwadhamini ndugu zao kuingia nchini.

Nafikiri ni mapema mno kujua iwapo hilo litatokea katika utawala wa Trump,” amesema Capps.

Lakini kama hakuna mabadiliko makubwa, wahamiaji wa Kiafrika wanatarajiwa kuendelea kuongezeka ilivyokuwa kwamba uchumi wa Marekani unaendelea kuwa imara ukitoa fursa kwa wahamiaji.

Marekani ina soko kubwa la ajira, ambalo ni soko lenye nguvu katika ajira,” amesema Capps.

“Ni soko kubwa sana la ajira ukilinganisha na nchi nyingine nyingi ambazo wahamiaji wakiafrika pengine wangetaka kwenda huko na wengi wa wahamiaji hapa Marekani wana mafanikio mazuri. Kwa hiyo nafikiri kama hakutokuwa na masharti ya ziada, mabadiliko makubwa ya sera ya uhamiaji Marekani, bado kutakuwa na vivutio venye nguvu vya kuwafanya watu waje Marekani.”

UEFA,MANCHESTER UNITED NG'ARING'ARI

Manchester United wakiwa kwao Old Trafford wameitwanga St-Etienne ya Ufaransa kwa mabao 3-0 kwa Hat trick ya Zlatan Ibrahimovic katika Mechi ya Kwanza ya Raundi ya Mtoano ya Timu 32 ya ligi ya UEFA barani ulaya.

Man United walifunga Bao lao la kwanza Dakika ya 15 kwa Frikiki ya Zlatan Ibrahimovic iliyombabatiza Mchezaji wa St-Etienne Pajot na kutinga.

Bao hilo lilidumu hadi Mapumziko.

Kipindi cha Pili Zlatan Ibrahimovic alifunga Bao nyingine 2 katika Dakika za 75 baada ya kazi njema ya Marcus Rashford na jingine Penati ya Dakika ya 88 baada ya yeye mwenyewe kuangushwa kwenye eneo la hatari.

Mvuto katika mechi hii ulikuwa ni kupambanishwa kwa mtu na Kaka yake Paul Pogba wa wa Man United na Kaka Mkubwa Florentin Pogba Beki wa St-Etienne ambae hakudumu Dakika 90 baada ya kuumia Dakika ya 79 na kubadilishwa huku Mdogo Mtu akikosa Bao kadhaa na kupiga Posti pia.

ALWAYS BE POSITIVE

Be positive whatever happens because God is with you, be positive if you are going through hard times, so what, this is life and everybody has to go through, be positive hard days come for our betterment, be positive everything happens for a reason, be positive at the end everything will be in your favor.

I know some situations are very painful. I have also faced in my life and I always pray to God to show me the right path, If I am wrong then tell me. God is always there for you. He will help you and guide you through people, through some messages, through some videos etc. You must have noticed that sometimes we are very upset and searching an answer for our problem and suddenly you get some message or video message anything, that will give you an answer or show you the right path. That is God, communicating with you. So never disheartened yourself be strong and be positive. Everything is happening for some reason, you won't understand at that time but with the passing days you will start understand. “God never ends anything on a negative; God always ends on a positive.” Edwin Louis Cole.

Be Always positive and encourage others. Life always shows you two paths though days are good or bad, you only have to select how you react? Positive or negative. If you are positive then hard days become good and if you select negativity than you cannot be happy in any situations. “In order to carry a positive action we must develop here a positive vision.” Dalai Lama. What to do to be positive, all you need is to smile because smile is the solution of many problems. Smile is the biggest solution of loneliness. It attracts people to be your friends. Nobody likes irritable people. Positive thinking attracts good health.

In my previous writing 'Positive Thinking.' I have mentioned that Positive thinking attracts blessings. So very true. When you wake up in the morning with good mood then everything happens good because we are attracting positive energy and if in the bad mood then every situation start irritating us. Think about it. It happens with me. So make it your habit to count your blessings only not your flaws because blessing attracts blessing in abundance and everybody like abundance.

Meditation helps us to overcome our flaws like negative thinking, anger, jealous, frustration, inferiority complex etc. Meditation doesn't need specific place or specific time. You can meditate anytime and anywhere. There are many meditation techniques like listening, breathing, chanting etc you can select according your comfort level. Breathing technique is best for busy people because you can concentrate on your breath anytime.

Be thankful for what you have because God first fulfill our need then our wish. We always run after what we want and forget about our needs. Let God fulfills your wishes according to his time because God is never late and you just enjoy what you have before you loose.

Positive affirmation is the best way for being positive always. You can make any positive sentence according to your wish and repeat it. You will get result within a day. First result is you start feeling relaxed, but remember never use don't, can't in your sentence. In my opinion the best positive affirmation is whatever God is doing is for my betterment and whatever God will do is for my betterment. Complete surrender to God is the best way to lead positive and relaxed life.

Try to avoid negative people, negative situation, negative matters and surround yourself with positive energy like positive people, read positive books and quotes, go out for a walk in any park area because nature spread positive energy.

Thoughts play an important role in our life. What you think you attract. Always think positive thoughts not only for you but for others as well. “There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” -- William Shakespeare. Our thoughts become our words and if you think something negative like illness then suddenly replace your thought in health, think about health. If you think about poverty then replace it with wealthy thoughts. “Once you replace negative thoughts with positive ones, you'll start having positive results.” — Willie Nelson. Use positive words in your language like happy, blessed, lucky, satisfied etc. Words also attracts energy.

Positive thinking is must if you want to be happy and want to spread happiness. For being positive. First set a goal that I want to live a positive, happy and peaceful life. Now think and search how to be positive and start follow everything which makes you positive. Always remember people always attract to positive people whether they themselves are negative. For being positive you should be true to yourself. Don't be diplomatic. So what if you have problems, everybody has. What's new in it? If life is full of problems then life is full of happiness as well. It's up to you what you select, to be positive or negative. Be selective in making friends because everybody has different vibrations and you have to escape yourself from negative vibrations.

Be a good listener because when you will listen then you start realizing that not only you other people are also facing problems, may be more than you, more painful than yours.

Make your presence positive so that people start loving you. Spread happiness, always smile, spread kindness. Be an example, so that people learn to live from you. Teach everybody how to smile in every situation. Spread positive energy and do read good books to remain positive because books help a lot and remember all the successful people in the world like Brack Obama, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Edison etc they have set an example with positive thinking. They all have faced failure and overcome their every failure with hard work and positive thinking. Do read biographies of successful people for encouragement.

I hope you guys like this. May God bless you all with spiritual healthy wealthy long life and with good destiny....

UTAFITI:JE LUGHA NI KWA AJILI YA MWANADAMU PEKEE?

Jinsi binadamu walivyobuni lugha mbalimbali kabla ya miaka milioni 25 iliyopita ni suala kubwa ambalo bado halijapata ufumbuzi. Hivi karibuni wanasayansi wamesema huenda watapata jibu kutoka kwa sauti ya nyani aina ya baboon.

Wanasayansi kutoka vyuo vikuu sita kikiwemo Chuo Kikuu cha Grenoble Alpes wametafiti nyani 1,335 aina ya baboon, na kugundua kuwa baadhi ya sauti za baboon wa Guinea zinafanana na zile za binadamu.

Kabla ya hapo, watafiti waliona ni lugha zilitokea baada ya nyani wanaofanana na binadamu wenye koo iliyoko chini zaidi kutokea duniani. Lakini utafiti mpya unaonesha kuwa hata baboon wa Guinea wamekuwa na uwezo wa kutoa sauti zinazofanana na binadamu. Watafiti pia wamegundua kuwa misuli ya ulimi wa baoon wa Guinea pia zinafana na zile za binadamu, ambazo zimewawezesha kutoa sauti hizo.

Watafiti wamesema binadamu wa kale hawakuwa na uwezo wa kuongea lugha ghafla, bali lugha zinatokana na sauti za nyani kabla ya miaka milioni 25 iliyopita. Watafiti pia wamesema baboon wanapotoa onyo au kuwachumbia jike, wanatoa sauti maalum zinazofanana na sauti za binadamu.

Utafiti huo umetolewa kwenye gazeti la Public Library of Science la Marekani.

UEFA CHAMPIONS LEAGUE:BAYERN YAICHAVANGA ARSENAL

Bayern Munich imeishishia kipigo Arsenal kwa magoli 5-1 katika mechi ya kwanza ya raundi ya mtoano ya Timu 16 ya UEFA Champions Ligi, iliyochezwa huko Allianz Arena Jijini Munich nchini Ujerumani.

Hadi Mapumziko Timu hizi zilikuwa Sare 1-1 baada ya Arjen Robben kutangulia kuifungia Bayern na Arsenal kusawazisha baada ya Alexis Sanchez kupiga Penati iliyookolewa na Kipa Neuer na kumrudia tena na kufunga.

Lakini Kipindi cha Pili, ndani ya Dakika 20, Bayern walifunga Bao 3 za harakaharaka kupitia Robert Lewandowski na Thiago Alcantara, na kuongoza 4-1.

Dakika ya 88, Thomas Muller akaipa Bayern bao lao la 5 na kupata ushindi mnono wa 5-1 kwa kuisambaratisha Timu ya Arsene Wenger.

Katika mechi nyingine, Mabingwa watetezi Real Madrid wameitandika Napoli kwa mabao 3-1 pia katika mechi ya kwanza ya michuano hiyo iliyochezwa huko Santiago Bernabeu.

Napoli walitangulia kufunga kwa kombora la Lorenzo Insigne na Real kusawazisha kwa Bao la Karim Benzema. Bao hizo zilidumu hadi Mapumziko.

Kipindi cha Pili Real walikwenda mbele 2-1 baada ya kazi njema ya Cristiano Ronaldo na kumlisha Toni Kroos aliefunga. Bao la 3 la Real lilifungwa kwa kigongo cha Carlos Casemiro.